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Update info/DCtoDC_interconnection_types.txt

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sbanszky
2025-12-04 20:29:44 +00:00
parent 7d61b83f7e
commit 4ad7cc15e5
1 changed files with 22 additions and 22 deletions
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info/DCtoDC_interconnection_types.txt
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@@ -5,16 +5,16 @@ They use **multiple layers of transport**, each chosen depending on distance, ri
We group them into:
1. **Metro / Intra-city DC-DC links (0–80 km)**
2. **Regional DC-DC links (80–600 km)**
3. **Nation / Cross-country DC-DC links (600–2000+ km)**
4. **International / Cross-continent DC-DC links (2,000–15,000+ km)**
1. **Metro / Intra-city DC-DC links (0-80 km)**
2. **Regional DC-DC links (80-600 km)**
3. **Nation / Cross-country DC-DC links (600-2000+ km)**
4. **International / Cross-continent DC-DC links (2,000-15,000+ km)**
Each layer uses different **fiber types**, **DWDM systems**, **optical budgets**, and **routing architectures**.
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# 🏢 **2. Metro / Intra-City DC-DC Links (0–80 km)**
# 🏢 **2. Metro / Intra-City DC-DC Links (0-80 km)**
**Use case:** connecting two datacenters in the same city or urban area.
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Each layer uses different **fiber types**, **DWDM systems**, **optical budgets**
**c) Short-haul DWDM**
* Ciena / Infinera / Nokia boxes on your premises.
* Up to 80–100 km without amplification.
* Up to 80-100 km without amplification.
### ✔ Typical Link Types
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Each layer uses different **fiber types**, **DWDM systems**, **optical budgets**
### ✔ Metro Latency
* ~0.45–0.50 ms round-trip per 50 km fiber
* ~0.45-0.50 ms round-trip per 50 km fiber
(25 km one-way ≈ 0.25 ms).
### ✔ Used By
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ AI campuses, Tier-1 banks, cloud providers (AWS/Azure/Google), telecom hotels.
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# 🗺 **3. Regional DC-DC Links (80–600 km)**
# 🗺 **3. Regional DC-DC Links (80-600 km)**
Distances too long for LR optics but perfect for **ZR+ optics** or **amplified DWDM**.
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Distances too long for LR optics but perfect for **ZR+ optics** or **amplified D
**a) Long-Haul DWDM with EDFA + Raman amplification**
You own the line system or provider manages it.
**b) Coherent optics (100G–800G)**
**b) Coherent optics (100G-800G)**
* QSFP-DD ZR+ (400G up to ~120 km unamplified, 2000 km with DWDM).
* 800G modules for <200 km high throughput AI fabrics.
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ If you connect multiple regions into one backbone.
### ✔ Latency Examples
* 200 km ≈ 1 ms RTT
* 500 km ≈ 2.5–3 ms RTT
* 500 km ≈ 2.5-3 ms RTT
### ✔ Used By
@@ -108,11 +108,11 @@ At this distance:
**a) Ultra Long-Haul DWDM**
* Ciena 6500 / Infinera DTN-X / Nokia 1830 PSS
* Amplifiers every 80–120 km
* Amplifiers every 80-120 km
* ROADMs for dynamic circuit switching
**b) Coherent Optics**
100G–800G on QPSK/16QAM modulation
100G-800G on QPSK/16QAM modulation
* Higher modulation = shorter reach
* Lower modulation = longer reach
@@ -125,8 +125,8 @@ AES-256 hardware encryption for compliance (PCI, GDPR).
### ✔ Latency Examples
* Bucharest → Frankfurt (~1,500 km fiber): ~11–14 ms RTT
* Amsterdam → Stockholm (~900 km fiber): ~6–7 ms RTT
* Bucharest → Frankfurt (~1,500 km fiber): ~11-14 ms RTT
* Amsterdam → Stockholm (~900 km fiber): ~6-7 ms RTT
### ✔ Common Link Types
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ AES-256 hardware encryption for compliance (PCI, GDPR).
---
# 🌍 **5. Intercontinental DC-DC Links (2,000–15,000 km)**
# 🌍 **5. Intercontinental DC-DC Links (2,000-15,000 km)**
Now we are at **submarine cable** level.
@@ -162,9 +162,9 @@ Top systems today:
### ✔ Latency Examples
* Europe ↔ US East: ~70–80 ms RTT
* Europe ↔ Singapore: ~150–170 ms RTT
* US ↔ Tokyo: ~90–110 ms RTT
* Europe ↔ US East: ~70-80 ms RTT
* Europe ↔ Singapore: ~150-170 ms RTT
* US ↔ Tokyo: ~90-110 ms RTT
### ✔ Routing Architecture
@@ -270,10 +270,10 @@ US-East → Europe → Asia → US-West → US-East
| Distance | Optical Layer | Typical Bandwidth | Latency | Cost | Common Use |
| ------------- | --------------- | ----------------- | --------- | --------- | ------------------------- |
| 0–80 km | Dark fiber / ZR | 100G–800G | <0.5 ms | Medium | AI clusters, storage sync |
| 80–600 km | DWDM w/amp | 100G–400G | 0.5–3 ms | High | Regional DC |
| 600–2000 km | Long-haul DWDM | 10G–400G | 3–15 ms | High | National backbone |
| 2000–15000 km | Subsea cables | 10G–400G | 70–200 ms | Very high | Intercontinental |
| 0-80 km | Dark fiber / ZR | 100G-800G | <0.5 ms | Medium | AI clusters, storage sync |
| 80-600 km | DWDM w/amp | 100G-400G | 0.5-3 ms | High | Regional DC |
| 600-2000 km | Long-haul DWDM | 10G-400G | 3-15 ms | High | National backbone |
| 2000-15000 km | Subsea cables | 10G-400G | 70-200 ms | Very high | Intercontinental |
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